Soil heat extremes can outpace air temperature extremes

Abstract Quantifying changes in hot temperature extremes is key for developing adaptation strategies. Changes are often determined on the basis of air temperatures; however, hydrology and many biogeochemical processes more sensitive to soil temperature. Here we show that increasing faster than by 0.7 °C per decade intensity twice as fast frequency average over Central Europe. Furthermore, identify a factor moisture–temperature feedback. During dry warm conditions, energy absorbed used soil, release sensible heat flux surface temperatures. This increase leads higher atmospheric demand water, evaporation, which may further highlighting contribution feedback evolution warming climate.